AUTHOR | HISTORIAN | ARTIST

December 15th, 2014
fuckyeahchinesefashion:
Chinese: (main systems)

pinyin: Zhìshāng gēn dōngtiān hēilóngjiāng de wēndù yīyàng

繁体：智商跟冬天黑龍江的溫度一樣

简体：智商跟冬天黑龙江的温度一样

Chinese characters and derivatives
- Chinese
  
  Guanhua (Mandarin)
  
  Wu which includes Shanghainese
  
  Yue (Cantonese)
  
  Min which includes Taiwanese
  
  Xiang
  
  Hakka
  
  Gan
  
  Jin from Mandarin
  
  Huizhou from Wu
  
  Ping
- Minority languages in China
  
  Dong
  
  Bai (obsolete)
  
  Miao (obsolete)
  
  Zhuang, with Zhuang logograms
- Japanese (kanji plus kana derivative)
- Korean (hanja) (obsolete; used in academic texts and newspapers)
- Vietnamese (Han-Nom) (used in historic or academic texts, or for artistic or aesthetic purposes, but in general use virtually extinct)
- Extinct languages
- Khitan, written in Khitan scripts
- Jurchen, written in Jurchen script
- Tangut, written in Tangut script
Extra info:
- 象形 xiàngxíng: Pictographs, in which the character is a graphical depiction of the object it denotes. Examples: 人 rén ”person”, 日 rì ”sun”, 木 mù ”tree/wood”.
- 指事 zhǐshì: Indicatives, or ideographs, in which the character represents an abstract notion. Examples: 上 shàng ”up”, 下 xià ”down”, 三 sān ”three”.
- 會意/会意 huìyì: Logical aggregates, in which two or more parts are used for their meaning. This yields a composite meaning, which is then applied to the new character. Example: 東/东 dōng“east”, which represents a sun rising in the trees.
- 形聲/形声 xíngshēng: Phonetic complexes, in which one part—often called the radical—indicates the general semantic category of the character (such as water-related or eye-related), and the other part is another character, used for its phonetic value. Example: 晴 qíng ”clear/fair (weather)”, which is composed of 日 rì ”sun”, and 青 qīng ”blue/green”, which is used for its pronunciation.
- 轉注/转注 zhuǎnzhù: Transference, in which a character, often with a simple, concrete meaning takes on an extended, more abstract meaning. Example: 網/网 wǎng ”net”, which was originally a pictograph depicting a fishing net. Over time, it has taken on an extended meaning, covering any kind of lattice; for instance, it can be used to refer to a computer network.
- 假借 jiǎjiè: Borrowing, in which a character is used, either intentionally or accidentally, for some entirely different purpose. Example: 哥 gē“older brother”, which is written with a character originally meaning “song/sing”, now written 歌 gē. Once, there was no character for “older brother”, so an otherwise unrelated character with the right pronunciation was borrowed for that meaning.
For over two thousand years, the prevailing written standard was a vocabulary and syntax rooted in Chinese as spoken around the time of Confucius (about 500 BC), called Classical Chinese, or 文言文wényánwén.

Modern written Chinese, which replaced Classical Chinese as the written standard as an indirect result of the May Fourth Movement of 1919, is not technically bound to any single dialect; however, it most nearly represents the vocabulary and syntax of Mandarin, by far the most widespread Chinese dialect in terms of both geographical area and number of speakers.^[43] This version of written Chinese is called Vernacular Chinese, or 白話/白话 báihuà (literally, “plain speech”).

Cantonese is unique among non-Mandarin regional languages in having a written colloquial standard, used in Hong Kong and overseas, with a large number of unofficial characters for words particular to this dialect.

To a lesser degree Hokkien is used in a similar way in Taiwan and elsewhere, although it lacks the level of standardization seen in Cantonese.

Also ie:
Character: 樹 English meaning : to plant, place upright

Modern (Beijing) reading: shù

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhoʔ

Classic Old Chinese: dhó

Western Han Chinese: dhwá

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhwó

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ǘ

Dialect:

Character: 樹

MC description : 遇合三去遇襌

ZIHUI: 2885 0898

Beijing: ṣu 3

Jinan: ṣu 3

Xi’an: fu 3

Taiyuan: su 3

Hankou: śy 3

Chengdu: su 3

Yangzhou: su 3

Suzhou: zü 32

Wenzhou: zi_ 32

Changsha: śy 31 (lit.); śy 32

Shuangfeng: ɣy 32

Nanchang: śy 32

Meixian: su 3

Guangzhou: šy 32

Xiamen: su 32; chiu 32

Chaozhou: chiu 32

Fuzhou: söy 32

Shanghai: zü 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: šiu 3

More?:

1 Stylized Mandarin:

This category constitutes the majority of the previous literature. Why it is named “stylized Mandarin” is because these lexical items either did not exist in Mandarin before or have totally different references in Internet language. Most of Gao and Yuan’s lexical examples (2005) fall within this category. Some examples are cited as follows: a) Jiajie 假借 (‘borrowing’) [a], e.g., mao 猫 cat ‘modem’; guanshui 灌水 (in standard Chinese, it means ‘to fill something with water’, as in “I filled the bottle with water”) irrigate-water ‘posting many (low-quality) articles on BBSs (for example: Lucy asks me “what are you doing?” I answer: “I am guanshui+ing” which means that I am asking or answering questions online in a BBS)”, etc. Words in this subcategory are already in the Mandarin vocabulary but are borrowed into Internet language to refer to something totally different, even though there may be some metaphorical relationship between them; b) Shuoming 说明 (‘explanation’), e. g., wangchong 网虫 net-insect ‘people addicted to Internet’; wangba 网吧 net-bar ‘Internet pub’, etc. These words are mostly compounds which are coined to refer to the new concepts related to the Internet; c) Cisuchongdie 词素重叠 (‘morpheme repetition’), e.g., piaopiao 漂漂 beautiful-beautiful ‘beautiful’; huaihuai 坏坏 bad-bad ‘bad’; papa 怕怕 afraid-afraid ‘fearful’, etc. Words in this group are usually used by children and the youth (mostly female). They are used in Internet language to create a sense of playfulness; d) Yinjingaizhao 音近改造 (‘near homophonization’), e.g., banzhu 斑竹 speckle-bamboo ‘person in charge of a BBS topic’, etc. In this subcategory, tones of words are played around so that a sense of humor is created; e) Jiucixinjie 旧词新解 (‘semantic shift’), e.g. ouxiang 偶像 (idol) idol-picture ‘disgusting persons’ (It is often used to express a sense of humor or satire); konglong 恐龙 (dinosaur) scary-dragon ‘unattractive but extremely active female online’, etc.

2 Stylized dialect-accented Mandarin:

There are various dialects of Mandarin in Mainland China. The popularity of the Internet enables people speaking different dialects to interact with each other. Coupled with the impact of mass media, it is inevitable that Internet language will be impacted by different dialects. Some examples are cited as follows [b]. a) ou 偶 for wo我 ‘I, me, my’: In Ningbo and Taiwan dialects, ‘I’ is pronounced like ou. Although it is not sure whether ou comes from the Ningbo dialect, this expression has become rather popular in Internet language, especially, among young people; b) kao 靠2 (It means “to curse somebody”. It is not only used on the Internet, but also in the speech of young people), which is borrowed from the Minnan dialect in Taiwan, and is used to express dissatisfaction or anger; c) xiao pi hai 小屁孩, from Northern Mandarin, refers to young people who are not well acquainted with the Internet or ignorant, with despising tone; d) huichang 灰常 for feichang 非常 ‘very much’, which is very likely borrowed from the Min dialect; and 淫 for 人 which comes from Northeastern Mandarin; Not only Chinese dialects are adapted to Internet language, some other languages are also appealed to. One example from Japanese is given below (English adaptations will be separately discussed). e) de shuo 的说, which is from the Japanese structure “……とぃぃます”, meaning ‘to think’. One example is 似乎他态度强硬的说 ‘it seems that his attitude is very sturdy.’

3 Stylized English:

Many people in Internet communication are English literate; therefore, it is evitable that stylized English will be frequently used. There are two major subcategories. One is the transliteration of English phrases with Chinese characters. Some examples are as follows: a) heike 黑客 ‘hacker’ b) ku 酷 ‘cool’ c) yimeier 伊妹儿 ‘email’ d) fensi 粉丝 ‘fans’ e) boke 博客 ‘blog’ f) fente 分特 ‘faint’ g) xiu 秀 ‘show’ Another subcategory, though not many in number, is also in popular use. One example is given below: h) ……ing, denoting being in a continuous state, e.g., wuxian yumen ing 无限郁闷ing, ‘extremely depressing’.

4 Stylized initials

Of all the adaptations of writing systems in Chinese Internet language, this category is predominant, which corresponds with what has been found about English Internet chat (Blakeman 2004). Without the knowledge of this category, it would be difficult for one to understand Chinese Internet language. Two subcategories are identified, namely Pinyin initials (a Chinese transcription system of sounds with the Roman alphabet) and English letter initials. Pinyin initials refer to the adoption of the first pinyin of each character in a Chinese phrase. Some examples are given below: a) mm (from meimei 妹妹 ‘girls’or ‘girlfriend’), gg (from gege 哥哥 ‘boys’ or ‘boyfriend’), plmm (from piaoliang meimei 漂亮妹妹 ‘beautiful girls’); b) rpwt (renpin wenti 人品问题, ‘problem of personality’. It is usually used to kid somebody. For example: A: Why can I not open this door, while others can? B: It’s your rpwt.) fb (fubai 腐败 ‘to eat big meals’), bt (biantai 变态 ‘abnormal’), bs (bishi 鄙视 ‘to despise’). These Pinyin initials are mainly derived from popular, and in most cases humorous Chinese phrases, which are constrained by temporary factors. It is predictable that many of these initials will disappear as time elapses, but also that many others will appear. English letter initials refer to the adoption of the first letter in an English phrase or sentence (in that sense, it may also be argued that it is code-mixing, instead of adaptations in Chinese Internet language). Some examples are given below: c) gf for ‘girl friend’, bf for ‘boy friend’ d) re, short form for ‘regarding’ e) lol, short form for ‘laugh out loudly’ f) pk, short form for ‘player kill’; (It is usually used in the competition between two people, e.g., we say A PK B) g) cu, short form for ‘see you’. In Blakeman (2004), initials of this type are the majority in English IRC. As argued by Blakeman, it is understandable that to compensate the inefficiencies of manually inputting sentences, Internet chatters prefer to use initials in communicating.

5 Stylized numbers: This category is the result of the prevalence of pagers a decade or so ago. Due to the convenience, the number initials are transferred to Internet language. Some examples are given below: 555: denoting pretended sorrow, crying; 7456, qisi wo le 气死我了 ‘indignant’; 9494, jiushi jiushi 就是就是 ‘that is it’; 748, qusi ba 去死吧 ‘go to hell’; 8147, buyao shengqi 不要生气 ‘do not be angry’; 886, baibai la 拜拜拉 ‘see you’; 521, wo ai ni 我爱你 ‘I Love You’

Oh and:

Development subsequent to the oracle bone period consisted of several stages.

Bronze incriptions: Many bronze works such as bells and cauldrons from the the later Shang and early Zhou dynasties (1st millenium B.C.E.) were engraved with characters. Their forms, like those on the oracle bones, were highly variable — the same character was often written in different ways in different places — but unlike the oracle bone inscriptions, their size and orientation were regular.

Seal script: The standard style of writing during the later Zhou and early Qin dynasties (end of 1st millenium B.C.E.) was more regular in form (the same characters were nearly always written the same way), and the shapes of all the characters were made more squarish.

Official script: Paradoxically, the so-called `official script’ was originally a style used by the common people that was easier to write than the seal script. It had straight lines where there were curves, and simplified versions of radicals. During the later Qin period and Han dynasties (250 B.C.E. through 250 C.E.), the government gradually incorporated these modifications into the officially-sanctioned style. By the end, the characters had very similar forms to those used today.

Regular script: The end result of that gradual development stabilized around 250 C.E., and the changes since then have consisted mainly of cleaning up and streamlining a little more and straightening undulating strokes.

Simplification and standardization: During the 20th century, mainly after the Communist Revolution of 1949, the process of development of the regular script was continued further: alternative forms for the same character were eliminated, many shortened forms for characters in use among the common people were given the official nod, and a number of components were given less elaborate forms.

(i’m not completely fluent in Chinese so here are only a few forms of ‘hello’ I know in Chinese, 简体：你好（中国大陆、新加坡、马来西亚）, 繁体：你好（台湾、香港、澳门），亻尔女子（this for using a dictionary)，哈喽，nǐhǎo, ㄋㄧˇ ㄏㄠˇ , 黄锡凌拼音 ˊnei ˊhou, 台罗拼音 lí hó, 白话字 lí hó, 粤拼 nei² hou²)

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character_encoding http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_terms_by_lexical_property http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Regional_Chinese http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Zhuyin_script http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_writing_system#Chinese_characters_and_derivatives http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts http://www.languageatinternet.org/articles/2007/1142 http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showthread.php/2316-Extinct-Sinoform-Writing-Systems-from-Chinese-History http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabary http://www.indiana.edu/~korean/E305/three_types.html http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/ling001/reading_writing.html http://www.hanzim.com/hanzi.php http://www.ancientscripts.com/khitan.html
December 14th, 2014

tomthefanboy:

happyday336:

Thought this was interesting

MONSTERS I HAVEN’T HEARD OF YET!?

Source: scared-shyless
December 14th, 2014

conquer-for-a-legacy:

atane:

midnighthatters:

fullofstarlight:

WHAT THE FUCK EVEN IS CNN?!

I showed this to my flatmate and she laughed about how Americans think that Hong Kong is in South Africa.

Your flatmate should apply for a job at CNN if she sees South Africa in the image. She’ll get the job.

this post is a train wreck

Source: atane
December 11th, 2014

aquaticramblings:

mycockpitsbigger:

today I was gonna take betta pics for friend but apparently I had to take betta snake pics

I don’t think I’ve seen that fish so interested in anything ever

This is adorable. The betta probably thinks the snake is another betta, I mean look how similar their faces are.
December 11th, 2014

aquaticramblings:

mycockpitsbigger:

today I was gonna take betta pics for friend but apparently I had to take betta snake pics

I don’t think I’ve seen that fish so interested in anything ever

This is adorable. The betta probably thinks the snake is another betta, I mean look how similar their faces are.

Source: bruisebird
December 11th, 2014

fuckyeahchinesefashion:

@故宫淘宝: 雍正的女神们动起来啦

Source: fuckyeahchinesefashion
December 4th, 2014

fuckyeahfeminists:

smallrevolutionary:

misselaney:

Natural Black Hair Tutorial!
Usually Black hair is excluded in the hair tutorials which I have seen so I have gone through it in depth because it’s really not enough to tell someone simply, “Black hair is really curly, draw it really curly.”

The next part of Black Hair In Depth will feature styles and ideas for designing characters and I will release it around February. If you would like to see certain styles, please shoot me a message!

YES! BOOSTINGGGG FOR MY FOLKS WHO WANNA/NEED TO KNOW HOW

this is amazing

Source: misselaney
November 30th, 2014

neurodiversitysci:

reykjavikboulevard:

Escaping from North Korea in search of freedom: Yeonmi Park tells her story of life in North Korea and calls for action against such human rights violators.

Yeonmi was speaking at the One Young World Summit 2014 in Dublin.

I have to do this because this is not just I am speaking… This is for the people who want to tell the world what they want to say.

North Korea is an unnatural country. There is only one channel on TV and there is no internet. We aren’t free to sing, say, wear or think what we want.

North Korea is the only country in the world that executes people for making unauthorized international phone calls.

North Koreans are being terrorized today.

When I was growing up in North Korea, I never saw anything about love stories between man and woman, no books, no songs, no press, no movies about love stories. There is no Romeo and Juliet, every stories were propagandized to brainwash about the Kim dictators.

I was born in 1993 and I was abducted at birth even before I knew the words ‘freedom’ or ‘human rights’. North Koreans are desperately seeking and dying for freedom at this moment…

When I was 9 years old, I saw my friend’s mother publicly executed. Her crime? Watching a Hollywood movie!

Expressing doubt about the regime can get 3 generations of whole family imprisoned or executed.

When I was 4 years old, I was warned by my mother, not to even whisper, the birds and mice could hear me. I admitted it. I thought the North Korean dictator could read my mind. My father died in China after we escaped North Korea. And I have to bury him at 3 am in secret. I was only 14 years old. I couldn’t even cry, I was afraid to be sent back to North Korea.

The day I escaped North Korea, I saw my mother raped. The rapist was a Chinese broker. He had targeted me. I was only 13 years old. There is a saying in North Korea, “Women are weak, but mothers are strong”. My mother allowed herself to be raped in order to protect me.

North Korean refugees, about 300,000 are roaming over in China. 70 percent of North Korean women and teenage girls are being victimized and sometimes sold for as a little as 200 dollars. We walked across the Gobi desert following a compass and when it stopped working, we followed the stars to freedom. I felt only the stars are with us. Mongolia was our freedom moment.

Death or dignity; I was with the knife, we were prepared to kill ourselves if we are going to be send back to North Korea. We wanted to live as humans…

People often ask me, “How can we help North Koreans?”. There are many ways but I would like to mention 3 for now.

One, as you care yourself, you can raise awareness about human crisis in North Korea.

Two, help and support North Korean refugees who are trying to escape for freedom.

Three, petition China to stop repatriation.

We have to shed the light in the darkest place in the world. It is not just North Korean human rights, it is our rights!

The North Korean dictators have violated for 7 decades. We need governments all around the world to put more pressure on China to stop repatriation. In particular, Chinese delegates of ‘One Young World’ can play a part by speaking up. North Korea is indescribable… No human deserves to be oppressed just because of their birthplace. We need to focus less on the regime and more on the people who are being forgotten.

‘One Young World’, we are the ones who will make them visible. Please join me as we make this a global movement to free North Koreans. When I was crossing the Gobi desert, scared of dying, I thought nobody in this world cared. It seemed that only the stars were with me…

But you have listened to my story. You have cared…Thank you very much.

저는 이 연설을 해야 합니다. 이 연설은 자신들의 처지를 호소하고자 하는 사람들을 위한 것입니다. 북한은 비정상적인 국가입니다. TV에는 오직 하나의 채널만 있고 인터넷은 아예 없습니다. 저희는 원하는 대로 자유롭게 노래하지도, 말하지도, 옷 입지도, 생각하지도 못합니다. 북한은 허가하지 않은 국제전화를 했다는 이유로 처형이 이뤄지는 전세계 유일한 국가입니다. 북한 주민들은 현재 공포에 떨고 있습니다. 제가 북한에서 자랄 때 책, 노래, 언론, 영화에서 남자와 여자 사이의 사랑이야기에 관해서 전혀 접하지를 못했습니다. 북한에 로미오와 줄리엣은 없습니다. 모든 이야기들은 김일성-김정일-김정은 독재자들은 찬양하도록 세뇌하는 선전물로 변질됩니다. 저는 자유 혹은 인권이라 단어를 알기도 전인 1993년, 태어나자마자 유괴를 당했습니다. 북한 주민들은 지금 이순간에도 자유를 처절하게 갈망하고 있습니다. 제가 9살일 때 일입니다. 저는 제 친구의 어머니가 공개처형 당하는 것을 목격했습니다. 그녀의 죄명이요? 할리우드 영화를 봤다는 것이었습니다! 북한에서는 북한 정권에 대한 불신을 표현하는 것만으로 3대 가족 전체가 수감되거나 처형당하게 됩니다. 제가 4살 때 어머니에게 경고를 들은 적이 있습니다. 속삭이지도 말라고… 낮말은 새가 듣고 밤말은 쥐가 듣는다고… 저는 인정했습니다. 저는 북한의 독재자가 제 마음을 읽을 수 있는 줄 알았습니다. 제 아버지는 북한을 탈출한 후 중국에서 돌아가셨습니다. 14살 밖에 안되었던 저는 새벽 3시에 몰래 아버지를 묻어 드려야 했습니다. 저는 북한에 송환되는 것이 두려워 울 수도 없었습니다. 북한을 탈출한 첫 날, 저희 어머니는 강간을 당하셨습니다. 강간범은 중국인 브로커였습니다. 그는 처음에는 13살인 저를 범하려 했습니다. 북한에는 이런 말이 있습니다. “여자는 약하지만 어머니는 강하다” 제 어머니는 저를 보호하기 위해 기꺼이 자신이 강간당하도록 하였습니다. 중국에는 30만명에 달하는 탈북자들이 떠돌고 있습니다. 여기서 여성들과 10대 소녀들 중에 70퍼센트는 범죄의 대상이 되거나 고작 200달러에 팔려가고 있습니다. 저희 가족들이 고비사막을 횡단할 때 나침반을 따라갔었습니다. 나침반이 고장나자 저희는 별을, 바로 ‘자유로 향하는 별’을 따라갔습니다. 오직 별들만이 저희와 함께한다고 느껴졌습니다. 죽느냐 존엄성을 지키느냐… 저는 칼을 한 자루 가지고 다녔습니다. 만약 북한으로 송환되는 상황이 닥치면 저희는 스스로 목숨을 끊을 준비가 되어있었습니다. 저희는 사람답게 살고 싶었습니다… 사람들은 종종 저에게 묻습니다. “어떻게 하면 북한 주민들을 도울 수 있나요?” 여기에는 많은 방법들이 있는데 오늘은 3가지만 말씀 드리고 싶습니다. 첫째, 여러분이 자신을 돌보듯이 북한에서의 인권 유린에 대한 관심을 더욱 가져주세요. 둘째, 자유를 향해 탈출을 시도하는 탈북자들을 돕고, 지원을 해주세요. 셋째, 중국당국으로 하여금 송환을 멈추도록 청원을 넣어주세요. 우리는 세계에서 가장 어두운 곳에 빛을 비춰 주어야 합니다. 이는 북한 주민들의 인권만을 위한 것이 아니라 우리 모두의 인권을 위한 일입니다! 북한의 독재 정권은 70년 동안이나 잔혹한 통치를 해왔습니다. 중국으로 하여금 탈북자 송환을 멈추도록 전세계의 정부들이 더욱 압력을 가해야 합니다. 그리고 특히, 오늘 제가 참여하고 있는 ‘One Young World(세계 젊은 지도자 회의)’의 중국 대표들이 이에 대해 목소리를 높임으로서 하나의 역할을 할 수 있습니다. 현재의 북한은 형언할 수 조차 없을 정도로 참혹합니다… 어떠한 사람도 자신의 출생지 때문에 억압을 받아서는 안됩니다. 우리는 북한 정권에 대한 관심을 줄이고 잊혀지고 있는 사람들에 대해 더욱 관심을 가져야 합니다. ‘One Young World(세계 젊은 지도자 회의)’의 우리들, 우리들이 이러한 것을 실현 가능하게 만들 수 있습니다. 북한 주민들을 자유롭게 하는 이 전세계적인 움직임에 저와 함께 해주세요. 제가 죽을까 두려워하며 고비 사막을 건널 때, 세상 아무도 저를 신경쓰지 않는다고 생각했습니다. 오직 별들만이 저와 함께인 것 같았습니다… 하지만 여러분들은 제 이야기를 들어주셨습니다… 정말 감사합니다.

Why is this the first post that contains her entire speech? This is not just a recounting of all the horrible things that happened to her, this is an explanation of the regime she lived under and a call to the rest of the world for action. If you don’t reblog the beginning and end you’re completely missing the point.